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Case study:Tweed Catchment Management Plan + (Our performance in delivering against the … Our performance in delivering against the whole CMP is reviewed every 4-5 years, and a popular review document is produced that measures progress on the main targets within. With each project we monitor at different levels. At its most basic we use fixed point photography. This combined with the monitoring carried out by the agencies for WFD classification purposes and site condition monitoring, gives a good indication of how the status of the watercourse has changed at the landscape scale over time. (e.g good ecological status; favourable site condition).At the other end of the scale we carry out very detailed monitoring such as on the Eddleston and the Bowmont Water. On the former we have installed, in conjunction with Dundee University, SEPA, Forest Research and British Geological Survey, one of the most detailed hydrological/groundwater monitoring networks in the UK. This is complemented by detailed hydro-geomorphological and ecological surveys (in-stream habitats, sediments, invertebrates, macrophytes, electrofishing), so we accurately assess the effects of each intervention and the totality of all the restoration work we are doing at both reach and catchment scale.e doing at both reach and catchment scale.)
Case study:Cardiff Rivers Group + (Our project is open ended with events bein … Our project is open ended with events being held every 3 weeks. Although the amount of rubbish we clear from the waterways is reducing in terms of large items, we still get a lot of plastics swept down from further upstream. We know we have made a difference and changed habits of people in Cardiff who used to use the rivers as an alternative rubbish bin, we have not been able to influence those further upstream. We have over 350 volunteers on our database and each event attracts between 20 and 30 volunteers, even in the depths of winter and irrespective of weather. Since 2009, we have held 121 events and worked approximately 4930 volunteer hours, collecting the following :- 3307 bags of rubbish, 157 trolleys, 187 car tyres, 144 traffic cones, 57 bicycles, 13 motor bikes and an estimated 22 tons of rubbish and 7 tons of scrap.ed 22 tons of rubbish and 7 tons of scrap.)
Case study:Arborfield nature like bypass and weirs project + (Over 1 hectare of nationally important wet … Over 1 hectare of nationally important wetland habitats will be restored - benefiting wildlife such as otters, kingfishers and dragonflies. A key feature of the 400k project was the successful partnership with Thames Water, the University of Reading, Farley Estate and Arborleigh Angling Club. Over 60 volunteer days were givenng Club. Over 60 volunteer days were given)
Case study:Tarrant Monkton Rehabilitation Project + (Periodic visits to the site will be made t … Periodic visits to the site will be made to help ensure grazing management is ideal for the conditions that develop. Tree growth or failure to grow should be monitored. Repeat photographs are recommended for the archive. Biological monitoring may be of limited value if pre-conditions have not been recorded. The creation of an accurately scaled diagram of the location and extent of each feature will also facilitate ease of repeating the As Built mapping survey to ascertain how the channel and the installations respond to the various flow and non-flow conditions and how the channel evolves physically and ecologically over time.ves physically and ecologically over time.)
Case study:Rookery Brook Pollution Prevention Project + (Phosphorus The phosphorus concentrations … Phosphorus The phosphorus concentrations within Rookery Brook showed a general increase to a peak (around 0.7 mg/l) in late summer (August, September) before reducing to approximately 0.25 mg/l in December and January. A slight worsening in quality is observed between upstream and downstream samples.Samples from the northern tributaries of the Rookery Brook showed a similar but more pronounced fluctuation. Concentrations rose from between 1.2 to 2 mg/l in July 2015 to 2.2 to 5.2 mg/l at their peaks in September through to November. The southern tributary recorded lower phosphorus concentrations, peaking at 0.7 mg/l in October 2015 (similar to Rookery Brook itself).In relation to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) monitoring indicated that the Rookery Brook northern tributaries are of ‘poor’ water quality with respect to phosphorus and is itself of ‘moderate’ quality. The southern tributary varied from ‘moderate’ to ‘good’.NitrogenConcentrations of nitrate and other nitrogen compounds, including ammonia, have also been monitored. Ammonia is indicative of sewage effluent, farmyard slurry or manure type of contamination and within the Rookery brook itself varied from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/l classified under the Water Framework Directive as ‘high’ to ‘moderate’ quality. The poorest quality was recorded at the upstream sample point in August. However, peaks also occurred at the mid-catchment sample point in October. Within the northern tributaries ammonia peaks of between 4 and 20 mg/l were recorded in September and October 2015, which is classified as ‘poor’ quality under the WFD. Again the quality of the southern tributary was better generally being ‘moderate’ to ‘good’.Nitrate concentrations were generally below the NVZ/Drinking Water Standard threshold of 50 mg NO3/l. However, all the watercourses (Rookery Brook and the northern and southern tributaries) exceeded the threshold in December 2015 to January 2016 with concentrations up to 68 mg NO3/l being recorded.This data sets out the background or baseline water quality for the lower Rookery Brook catchment prior to the installation of any mitigation measures to improve water quality.igation measures to improve water quality.)
Case study:Queensbury Recreation Ground + (Photographs pre-works)
Case study:Poyle channel enhancement and weir removal + (Photographs pre-works)
Case study:Hogsmill Sewage Treatment Works phase 1 + (Photographs pre-works)
Case study:Plough Lane weir removal + (Photographs pre-works Fisheries survey Photographs post-works)
Case study:Lea Bridge Waterway Wall Improvements + (Photographs pre-works Photographs post-works)
Case study:Brent Lodge Park Improvement + (Photographs pre-works Pre-project data: specify above)
Case study:River Wandle: Butter Hill Phase 1 + (Please see the parent project (River Wandle Restoration Project) for the final results on this work, combined with the other phases.)
Case study:Butter Hill Phase 2 + (Please see the parent project (River Wandle Restoration Project) for the final results on this work, combined with the other phases.)
Case study:River Wandle: Butter Hill Phase 3 + (Please see the parent project (River Wandle Restoration Project) for the final results on this work, combined with the other phases.)
Case study:Emmanuel’s Common Reconnection Project + (Please use the link to find out about the Electrofishing surveys for the project http://www.norfolkriverstrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Electrofishing-doc.pdf)
Case study:Upper River Nairn restoration project + (Post works monitoring is essential for eva … Post works monitoring is essential for evaluating the physical and ecological performance of the project. Given the near unique scale of application of the ‘process-based’ restoration approach, the project provided an invaluable opportunity to monitor how the river environment responds to the various components of the implemented works, providing valuable insight and guidance for the application of this type of approach in other areas.Specific monitoring has included:• Repeat topographic/ bathymetric surveys (immediately post-construction and subsequent to three high flow events flood events).• Repeat sediment sampling (pre- and post- implementation)• Repeat fixed-point photographs• Repeat spawning surveys/ redd counts (including pre-works and the two spawning seasons post-construction)• Repeat electro-fishing surveys (in both channel and wetland locations, pre- and post-works)Immediately after construction, a detailed topographic and sedimentary resurvey were carried out. Further resurveys have been undertaken after significant flow events, determining rapid evolution of the site and in the trajectory intended (and predicted by modelling).Given fish populations are a good indicator of habitat condition, repeat red counts and electro-fishing surveys have also been undertaken. Latest survey results show significant increases in spawning and juvenile salmon and trout compared to pre-restoration conditions, providing an ‘ecological validation’ the works implemented.logical validation’ the works implemented.)
Case study:Osterley Weir, Hanwell eel pass + (Post-project Appraisal)
Case study:Knock Burn low flow channel + (Pre and post photographs were taken. A st … Pre and post photographs were taken. A standard maintenance post audit form was completed 9 months after the project was completed. Annual photography is used to monitor the project. Assessment carried out during photography shows that the channel is maintaining itself overall, with fish present (which had not been the case before). Wetland vegetation has developed on the secondary channel, helping to stabilise the silty substrate, helping to stabilise the silty substrate)
Case study:BALLYMONEY RIVERSIDE PARK RESTORATION PROJECT + (Pre works assessment included a River Hydr … Pre works assessment included a River Hydromorphology Assessmeent (RHAT) and fisheries survey, and a flood risk assessment. The site will be monitored for several years, with the council monitoring the development of the wetland and impacts on wildfowl, Rivers Agency continuing flood risk assessment, DCAL carrying out fish stock and habitat assessment, and NIEA carry out a reRHAT on regular intervals.A carry out a reRHAT on regular intervals.)
Case study:Louds Mill (Downstream)m Enhancement + (Pre works electro fishing was complete. This is due for repeat in 2015)
Case study:Martins River Island + (Pre works electro fishing was undertaken at this site. Post works was carried oout in 2013. Repeat survey is not likley until 2016)
Case study:Enler River enhancement project + (Pre works fishery assessment and river habitat assessment were carried out, along with photographs. Post works photographs have been taken and this will continue. One year plus fishery assessment and habitat assessment planned for 2015.)
Case study:Houghton 'trout stream' enhancements + (Pre-enhancement fish surveys have been undertaken The Environment Agency will continue to monitor this site through electric fishing surveys.)
Case study:River Skerne- Life project + (Pre-monitoring Before restoration started, … Pre-monitoringBefore restoration started, several indicators were monitored to see what the reference situation was for post-restoration monitoring.'''Ecology'''*Macrophytes - monitored qualitatively, number of species found per 500 meter channel length. *Macro-invertebrates - species richness and abundance, and as an indicator for water quality/organic pollution (BMWP).*Fish - biomass, fish density and species richness. *Birds were monitored by assessing the assemblage of breeding birds and abundance.'''Hydro-morphology'''*Geomorphological - channel cross sections and physical habitat mapping.*Water quality - suspended sediment concentration and concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus (measured at monthly intervals).*Modelling of flood frequency.'''Social-economic factors'''*Economic benefits for six categories (water quality, amenity, fisheries, agriculture, flood defence and recreation) were calculated.*Public perception was measured using a semi-structured questionnaire survey.*90% of the visitors to the River Skerne in Darlington were quite or very satisfied with the restoration of the river, 15 years on from the completion of the work. ''Revisiting the River Skerne: The long-term social benefits of river rehabilitation. Åberga and Tapsell. Landscape and Urban Planning 113 (2013) 94– 103 '''''Post-monitoring'''*Repetition of pre-monitoring was carried out 1 and 2 years after restoration. Due to its importance as a demonstration project, further monitoring been carried out by Master and PhD students.*Revisiting the River Skerne: The long-term social benefits of river rehabilitation. Åberga and Tapsell. Landscape and Urban Planning 113 (2013) 94– 103 Expectations and Response:*It was expected that the existing unpleasant park would improve in aesthetic quality and as a public recreation area. The river would feature more natural elements and dynamics. EcologyOne year after restoration, macrophyte species richness increased above pre-restoration levels with 30%. The downstream control site did not seem to be affected by the restoration measures. No initial changes were found in the macro-invertebrate community, but long term surveys have shown an increase in niche specific macro-invertebrate families sensitive to siltation and/or organic pollution.The fish species richness increased with Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Chub (Leuciscus cephalus), but the total number of caught individuals was small with only 16 fish of 4 species. The appearance of new fish species can be related to the new fish pass below Darlington. Unfortunately, several severe pollution incidents may have largely eliminated recolonizing fish populations.Hydro-morphologyThe river length was increased with 13%. Longitudinal and cross-section variability in meandered section was limited due to flood risk management requirements. However, macrophyte growth has provided some flow and habitat diversity. The constructed riffle at the upstream end has provided habitat for macro-invertebrates sensitive to fine sediments which were not found in the section prior to restoration (e.g. the freshwater limpet Ancylidae, the riffle beetle Elmidae, the net-spinning caddis fly Hydropsychidae and the blackfly larvae Simuliidae).The new channel profile with lower banks increased the out of bank flow to a maximum of 4.5 days per year. The lowering of the floodplain itself created more water storage and the flood protection level has remained unchanged.SocialLocal residents were engaged in the project from the planning phase and post-restoration assessment showed that 52% of the local residents ‘mostly’ and 30% ‘strongly’ approved the restoration works. A majority of 64% felt that the restoration scheme had achieved its objectives and 70% of the residents thought more wildlife had been attracted to the area. Long term monitoring has shown an increased support for the restoration scheme, with increasing number of satisfied local residents.Overall, the Skerne project was a big social success. People were engaged in the project and very positive about the outcomes. The ecological status has improved, but it is still limited by the urban environment, (e.g. fixation of the river to protect infrastructure, and pollution from industry upstream).re, and pollution from industry upstream).)
Case study:River Cole- Life Project + (Pre-monitoring: Ecology • Macrophytes - … Pre-monitoring:Ecology• Macrophytes - number of species found per 500 meter channel length. • Macro-invertebrates - species richness and abundance, and as an indicator for water quality/organic pollution (BMWP).• Fish - biomass, density and species richness. • Birds - the assemblage of breeding birds and abundanceHydromorphology• Geomorphology - channel cross sections and physical habitat mapping.• The water quality - suspended sediment concentration, nitrogen and phosphorus.• Modeling flood frequency.Post- monitoring:Repetition of pre-monitoring was carried out 1 and 2 years after restoration, as well as a public perception survey. Due to its importance as a demonstration project, further monitoring been carried out by Master and PhD students. Expectations and results:It was expected that the new meandering channel would provide better habitat opportunities for aquatic species and the hydromorphology and flood frequency in the floodplain would improve because of the more natural channel dimension. EcologyPlant species richness increased immediately after restoration. Marginal emergent plant species richness increased significantly, but submerged aquatic plants showed a less immediate effect. The new upstream channel was quickly recolonized by macro-invertebrates. The downstream reach did not change significantly, but some more niche specific taxa were found 12 years after implementation. Two new species were found in the restored Cole, one stonefly (Leuctra geniculata) and a caddis fly (Athripsodes albifrons)Fish biomass and density returned to pre-restoration levels, and species richness remained unchanged. However, long-term surveys have shown an overall decline in fish density at both restored and control sites, indicating impact from an external factor.The number of breeding wetland species did not increase in the first year. The abundance of Yellow Wagtails (Motacilla flava) increased significantly. Casual inspection suggests little change after two years.HydromorphologyThe river length was increased by 30%. The cross-sectional area was considerably smaller and less deep. The number of natural in-channel features, such as pools and riffles, increased after restoration. In the downstream section maturing trees also provide woody debris, creating habitats and flow diversity.The restoration measures recreated a more natural flooding regime. SocialPublic perception was measured via a questionnaire and 53% of the respondents in Coleshill mostly approved with the measures while 17% strongly approved. The long-term monitoring showed that only about half of the local residents strongly (25%) or mostly (31%) approved to the river restoration project.The restoration measures showed overall positive results for the ecological status. The downstream channel benefited greatly from the restoration measures, but the new upstream course was not fenced off from cattle and has therefore little riparian vegetation. However, due to lack of initial engagement, some local residents were unhappy with the project.l residents were unhappy with the project.)
Case study:River Cole Restoration + (Pre-project baseline MoRPh surveys have be … Pre-project baseline MoRPh surveys have been undertaken at Ackers Weir and at Heybarnes Recreation Ground. These Modular River Surveys will be used again to establish post-project changes.The project has various degrees of monitoring, the lengthiest of these being the rigorous INNS (Invasive Non-Native Species) management plan in place targeting the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandiferula) along the banks of the river Cole. The plan predominantly targets Himalayan balsam, populations of Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) and Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) present on site will also be monitored.Across all sites, Sanctus used automated continual monitoring upstream and downstream of the works. This ensures that the works were not negatively impacting the water quality, providing real time data for project partners, often showing a near immediate benefit in oxygenation levels.Sanctus have provided 4 months of aftercare and bioremediation to materials taken from the river channel after the Ackers weir removal to improve contaminated material to form new habitats. For the wider project, funding is being secured to create a programme of citizen science monitoring projects working with organised post-graduate and post doctorate researchers to establish monitoring across a wider range of subjects and disciplines including water quality, air quality, habitat monitoring. quality, air quality, habitat monitoring.)

Case study:Fordmill weir + (Pre-project data)
Case study:Fishery/habitat enhancement on the Grand Union Canal + (Pre-project data)
Case study:Broadway Fields/ Seagers Distillary + (Pre-project data)

Case study:Weir Road + (Pre-project data Photographs pre-works River Habitat Sourvey, River Corridor Survey Post-project Appraisal)
Case study:Dagenham Washlands Phase 2 + (Pre-project data Photographs pre-works Photographs post-works)
Case study:Removal of Carleton Hall weir, Eamont Bridge, Penrith, Cumbria + (Pre-removal surveys have been undertaken o … Pre-removal surveys have been undertaken of the river for habitat, fish & native crayfish and post-removal survey work will be undertaken for comparison.Fixed point photographs will be used to monitor the visible physical effects on the river of removing the weir.cal effects on the river of removing the weir.)
Case study:Reopening of the culverted Redon river + (Pre-restoration works monitoring have been … Pre-restoration works monitoring have been carriedout. It includes a topographic survey for a hydraulicanalysis of the site. Furthermore, fish rescue by electricfishing was performed at the opening of the culvert.Fish stocks were monitored following the culvertremoval on the Redon, six months after the restorationwork. As part of the appraisal of the “Crossborderriver contractforthe southwest part of Lake Geneva”(2006-2012), fish stocks were monitored in all thewatercourses in the area covered by the SYMASOL.For this, the fish population was counted in theRedon at the location of the work site in the summerof 2011, four years after the restoration work.An IBGN survey was conducted in 2009 (two yearsafter the work) by a consultancy.Lake trout can now swim up the whole length ofthe Redon.Six months after the works, about 230 river troutwere recorded throughout the reopened stretch,i.e. 3,800 individuals per hectare against onlyfifteen or so individuals identified during the fishrescue operation.The results of the 2011 electric fishing confirm thetrend noted six months after work was completed.Thus, 48 trout were counted on the upstreamstation, i.e. 3,678 individuals per hectare.These results are very positive and seem to indicatethat the fish population is stabilising in the part of thewatercourse where the culvert has been removed.The IBGN analysis suggests that the quality of wateris restrictive in this portion of the Redon. The taxonindicator (Hydropsychidae) is relatively tolerant topoor water quality and taxonomic diversity is quitelow (18 taxons identified). However, the absence ofa sampling point before the restoration work doesnot allow the observation of a potential gain interms of water quality or habitat diversity due toremoval of the culvert.The outcome in terms of overall assessment isexcellent from the point of view of elected officials,residents and fishing stakeholders.Pursuant to the River Contract (2006-2012), ageneral policy to review weirs preventing rivercontinuity was implemented. Rocky boulders orbypasses were set up to make weirs passable.passes were set up to make weirs passable.)
Case study:Lowering the weir of the Houël mill on the Leff River + (Pre-works monitoring was carried out in 20 … Pre-works monitoring was carried out in 2009 on the hydromorphological characteristics upstream of the weir (flow patterns, substrate sizes, morphology of the river bed and banks).These measurements were not pursued following the works, however biological monitoring was set up in 2011 by the Côtes-d’Armor FDAAPPMA in the former impounded reach. Monitoring consisted of electrofishing for salmon and of visual inspections of the spawning habitats and redds for the two other species. This monitoring programme was set up for a period of five years and carried out annually from 2011 to 2015.The continuity of the Leff River has been restored over a 700-metre section up to the next hydraulic structure. Flows are now more rapid and the fine sediment deposited in the impounded reach was carried off to reveal a more coarse substrate made up of rocks and gravel. The diversity of habitats, flow patterns and new substrates revealed upstream of the former weir is favourable for diadromous migratory species that have found along the 700-metre section new spots suitable for their reproduction (well oxygenated gravel) and to the growth of juveniles (riffles). In 2011, approximately 30 spawning grounds for sea lampreys were observed upstream of the former weir. Prior to the lowering of the weir, the water was too deep and hindered the reproduction of the species. Juvenile salmon use the new riffles created in the former impounded reach during their growth phases. On the other hand, no shad have been observed upstream of the former weir, possibly because the species has not yet colonised the new environment.In terms of recreational activities, the site is more frequently visited by anglers since the restoration project. It has become a good fishing spot with larger numbers of salmon caught than in the previous years.The kayakers are happy with the changes made because it is now easier to travel over the weir and the white-water areas are fun to shoot. The improvements to the historical heritage were also one of the strong points of the project. The formerly abandoned mill building was spotlit with signs installed on the existing trail to explain the history of the site. trail to explain the history of the site.)
Case study:Removal of the Brosses weir on the Soanan River + (Pre-works monitoring was carried out on se … Pre-works monitoring was carried out on several compartments of the hydrosystem. The characteristics of the morphological compartment (long and cross profiles, substrate measurements, flow patterns) were identified prior to the works. The fish and riparian-vegetation compartments were also assessed by the FDPPMA 69 and the SMRPCA respectively. Finally, pre-works monitoring of the spawning redds was done by the Rhône local office of Onema. Post-works monitoring was done on the same compartments in 2011.The removal of the Brosses weir opened 2.5 km of river and potential spawning redds for brown trout. The free movement of fish species and sediment was restored between this section of the Soanan and the Azergues River.On the site of the former weir, the Onema local office noted, post works, more diversified flow patterns and a shift from lentic to lotic facies. These changes in facies would seem to have stimulated the populations of bullheads and juvenile brown trout, whose respective densities were multiplied by factors of ten and three one year after the works.In 2017, following numerous floods including a particularly morphogeneous flood in 2016, it was decided to pursue monitoring on the Soanan. The flood in question reduced some of the irregularities in the long and cross profiles of the river. The slope is now similar to the steady slope observed in the rest of the river. However, regressive erosion upstream of the former weir has been observed.Analysis of the monitoring data revealed reactivation of sediment over a distance of 120 metres upstream of the former weir and, downstream, sediment progression to the confluence with the Azergues River. The fine sediment (sand and silt) disappeared from the upstream zone, revealing gravel beds. In just one year, the natural sediment dynamics were restored in this section of the river.Prior to the removal of the weir in 2009, no spawning activity by brown trout had been observed over a distance of 200 metres below the weir. Two spawning redds were subsequently observed in 2010, i.e. during the winter immediately following the removal, and twelve spawning redds were observed in December 2011. On the basis of the monitoring results for fish, the species commonly found in calm waters and ponds/lakes had disappeared following the removal of the weir. The number of brook lampreys fell virtually to zero due to the disappearance of the sand and silt substrates. The studied river section had returned to its initial fish-population context comprising essentially salmonids. In 2017, the trout population had returned to a certain equilibrium in that all age classes were represented. However, juveniles were under-represented due to two very hot and dry summers the previous two years.An action programme for flood prevention (PAPI) and a river-basin contract are currently in effect in the Azergues basin. These two instruments aim to enhance the coordination of management work to control floods and restore aquatic environments by developing contacts and project development in the area.tacts and project development in the area.)
Case study:Rodley weir by pass channel + (Preliminary data from 88 tagged trout show … Preliminary data from 88 tagged trout show that fish can find and navigate the pass. We will review the data in spring 2014 to assess fish behviour in the channel. The channel has colonised well with the hard work of Rodley Nature Reserve volunteers who have hand pulled Himalayan balsam to allow more native plants to flourish. The visitors and volunteers of the reserver report frequent sightings of dippers and grey wagtais and a male otter has moved into the site and is using the channel as a hunting station - indeed some of our tagged fish may have been dinner.e of our tagged fish may have been dinner.)
Case study:Twineham Weir Removal & In-channel Enhancements + (Prior to the weir removal fish surveys wer … Prior to the weir removal fish surveys were conducted by the Environment Agency with the next surveys due in 2016. We continue to liaise with the angling clubs who have kept catch records at this site for a number of years. Currently we are seeing the expected dip in overall biomass of fish through this section as the resident Carp disperse away from the now flowing river and the overall species composition changes. We expect to see more natural, sustainable populations of river species develop over the coming years. The backwater habitats were immediately effective with over 300 fry counted in a single refuge within days of completion and larger individuals recorded during over-winter peak flows resting in the still waters these refuge areas have created.In addition to the changes in fish species composition we have also recorded two kingfishers on site, the first time they have been observed here for over a decade. Through a separate project OART have been supporting the landowner in a programme of mink trapping which has not only captured 26 mink in its first year (in 2km of river) but has also recorded Polecat (known to have re-colonised Sussex approximately 8 years ago) and seen the number of wading and river birds rapidly increase. We continue with our regime of fixed point photography to monitor change in bank profiles and the rate of vegetation establishment. and the rate of vegetation establishment.)
Case study:Valley Brook Restoration Project + (Project The aim of this project was to tes … ProjectThe aim of this project was to test out the effectiveness of carrying out more detailed environmental planning on one waterbody and understand if this would drive action and improvements. This involved three stages of work:Stage 1 - Intelligence reportStage 2 - Detailed environmental planningStage 3 - Production of the planStage 1: Intelligence reportThe intelligence report brings all of the information e know about the brook into one place. This allowed us to identify the significant issues on the brook whilst maintaining an overview. Two main issues were identified for Valley Brook:* Restoring a more natural flow and function to the river (mitigation measures)* Reducing the input of phosphate from upstream catchmentsnput of phosphate from upstream catchments)
Case study:Stainby Road, Colsterworth + (Project is very recent so just establishing. We have baseline data for fish and river habitat survey as well as detailed drone topo. Post monitoring work will commence from 24 on wards. River condition assessment pre and post delivery has taken place.)
Case study:Rewilding the Rom + (Project progress has been monitored in a n … Project progress has been monitored in a number of ways: Through fixed point photography (FPP); Aerial drone footage; MoRPh surveys; Macroinvertebrate (RMI); Wildlife surveys to assess the reinstatement of native species. As most of the major restoration works were completed by Thames21 in the spring of 2023, BEPREP research at ‘time zero’ in a rewilded wetland started (report attached as supporting file). Sampling began in April 2023, with a second session in August of the same year; sampling will continue with two sessions in 2024. In addition, Thames21 are measuring the impact of the project on the local community by the number of participants in volunteering and other nature-related activities (e.g. nature walks, discussions, nature/art workshops). The aim is to achieve meaningful points of direct contact with at least 600 people including those from underrepresented communities (ethnic minorities and low-income groups).The effort to restore natural processes on the Rom is demonstrated by several indicators that are tracked and evaluated via surveys, anecdotal evidence, and media coverage. The Horizon funded BEPREP project, researches the effects of rewilding on improving health resilience. At the project site, biological indicators were measured both immediately after excavation and for five years post- restoration. The first few data points demonstrate that, especially the new wetland scrapes, have shown improved biological outcomes and shown which flora and fauna are settling at the site. Specific indicators include microbiota (bacteria and fungi) changes in the water (e.g. amphibians), on the land (e.g. soil, arthropods, vegetation, micromammals, canids) and in the air (e.g. bats, birds). This research will provide crucial information on which flora, fauna and microorganisms colonise and interact in newly excavated urban wetlands and is fundamental for the sustainable management of aquatic urban environments, and for understanding their importance to human health. The first few data points demonstrate that, especially the new wetland scrapes, have shown improved biological outcomes and shown which flora and fauna are settling at the site. We are using data from citizen science and observational monitoring, as well as advanced molecular analysis techniques (using environmental DNA) to measure the changes in macro and micro biodiversity of the restored wetlands and nearby forests (Report provided in the ‘Supporting Documentation’ section F1). Preliminary results already show arthropods, amphibians and reptiles colonising the new wetlands. Particularly noteworthy discoveries include molecular identification of faecal pellets from water voles, a nationally rare species. Records from Fixed Point Photography (FPP) provide a visual record of the changes that are taking place; comparison photos from before and after the restoration work effectively show how the Rom and its floodplain have changed. These images provide a good view of the project impacts through increased river-land interface connectivity and the instigation of natural processes. To ensure that large wood structures are performing their intended purpose, periodic assessments took place. The maintenance assessment included the characterisation of the structures in terms of stability and an assessment of material integrity and deterioration. After the large wood installation period, in December 2021, we carried out monthly visits for the first 6 months, and then bimonthly visits for the remainder of the first years. After this, we assessed the large wood every six months. Anecdotal feedback from local communities and stakeholders further reinforces the success of our restoration project. Through our regular volunteering events we gathered valuable insights from the community, from appreciation of improvements to habitat quality to new recreational opportunities, such as the use of the new bridge for bird watching. In addition, the dissemination of information about our project through news articles, videos, and interviews emphasised the beneficial effects of our restoration efforts on the RBI catchment area.oration efforts on the RBI catchment area.)
Case study:Welland for People and Wildlife Project + (Quality of habitats An environment must pr … Quality of habitatsAn environment must provide idyllic conditions for the persistence of vegetation and wildlife. The restoration has delivered clearer water, with better oxygenation, and improved flow preventing silt build-ups and stagnation. There is more riparian space, allowing habitats to expand and communities to mature. Due to the partnership with the EA through their fish passage project, all impoundments to fish and eel movements have been removed, allowing free passage and mixing of populations for the entire project reach.In addition, shallower riffled areas have become ideal for fish spawning; total number of areas suitable for spawning has increased from 12 to 52. 40 of these have been observed as actively used for spawning by Sticklebacks, Minnow, Chub and Dace. Ongoing sampling will determine how much of an ecological recovery the river has made towards a more natural state. The objective of ‘Improving the habitats’ is considered fulfilled, however this will be an ongoing improvement as the restoration works mature.BiodiversityBoth marginal and emergent plants have thrived. Varieties are more diverse and abundant along the water’s edge. Surveys show the previously 2 dominant species have been reduced, and now there are 10 prevailing species. Several species have naturally returned indicating the environment is now more favourable to support diverse aquatic life. There has been an increase in the diversity of fish species; however decreases in total catch numbers and decrease in body size. With the barrier removal, the fish are no longer restricted and so have spread into the newly opened areas. Fish (and eels) have been seen further upstream than before, and in large numbers. Trout are freely able to connect with upstream wild populations. However, during surveys of the restored reach, fewer numbers are caught – this is thought to be due to 2 factors; 1) space - weirs before created a ‘catching fish in a barrel’ scenario, 2) predators – Otters have been frequently using the restored river to fish, and are thought to have a holt nearby. There has been an increase in species richness of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Particular improvement is seen in the riffle habitat where diversity, abundance and biomass have increased for aquatic macroinvertebrates. There is now a much wider variety of habitats. The original 4 dominant habitats types have been reduced or replaced with other key varieties, giving a total of 13 types. Homogenous stretches where 1 or 2 habitats dominated have been replaced with multiple types of habitat, distributed more evenly between types. In addition, there has been a decrease in the less beneficial habitats (for metabolic rate processing) of cobble, emergent and boulder, with an increase in valuable marginal, submerged, algae and woody material habitats. There has been an average increase of 1.6mg/l/s-1 of oxygen within the restored reach. This is due to an increase in photosynthesis and a decrease in the sediment oxygen demand. The objective of ‘Increasing the biodiversity of the river Welland through Market Harborough’ is considered part achieved, but study is ongoing for a 5-year period to thoroughly assess the impact.Flow diversityThe flow seen across the whole project reach has diversified. The removal of weirs and insertion of riffle-pool habitat has led to a replacement of stagnated monotonous flow with fast paced riffles and slow gentle pools. Water clarity has improved due to a reduction in the stagnation effect. Stagnation before the works had led to suspended sediment dropping out behind weirs, and encouraging weed growth across the channel. The works creating a continuous flow has removed this issue, and reduced monoculture weed choking the channel.Similarly, measures taken to reduce erosion risk (coir matting, gravel topping, planting and woody lattice deflectors) have led to a reduction in sediment lost in the reach, resulting in clearer water. The objective of ‘reducing the stagnation and sluggish flow of the river’ is considered fulfilled but study is ongoing to assess the geomorphological response.Visual aestheticsBefore works the river was deep-sided, stagnant, muddy watered ditch. Now the river is clear, diversely flowing channel with shallowed margins abundant with variety of flowering and non-flowering aquatic plants. Birds have become more conspicuous users of the river. Common birds are seen bathing and hunting insects from the surface. Birds such as Grey Wagtail have increased in abundance, including the number of breeding pairs. Kingfishers have been sighted frequently, nesting in some of the uncovered banks, and hunting in the now clear shallow waters. Otters have also been frequent users of the river, enjoying the improved fishing, and easy access into and out of the river.All these aspects have led to positive and complimentary feedback from individuals and community groups concerning the visual transformation of the river.Community use and interactionCommunity involvement during the design stages and a subsequent sense of community ownership was seen as a key goal for project success. Multiple evening discussion and group meetings drew gatherings between 50-150 people. Physical activities were also popular, attracting between 8-40 people, and a Bioblitz drew hundreds of visitors over 24 hours. Wildlife watching groups have formed for the local Kingfishers, Otters and general wildlife with Facebook pages to post images and updates.The river is now widely regarded as an amenity to preserve, evidenced by maintenance promises offered by community groups, including regular river litter picks. Landowners for every section of the river also agreed by contract to maintain the upkeep of the restored river as required.Nine primary schools have been involved in pond dipping and river lessons; also a secondary school has been involved through assembly demonstrations and presentations. Two Scouting groups have taken part in wildlife walks, bird box building and painting. The use of the river for educational purposes will continue - with easier and safer access to the river installed throughout the Town. Groups and individuals are able to access the river without difficulty, demonstrated by more children using the river to play post restoration works. the river to play post restoration works.)
Case study:Glaisdale Beck Restoration Project + (Recording the length of riparian habitat n … Recording the length of riparian habitat not accessed by stock - on farm surveys and mapping were undertaken to create a baseline of the area prior to improvement works being delivered. An additional layer of final improvement works has subsequently been mapped.Monitoring the increase of ground cover and abundance and diversity of plant and tree species in newly created buffer strips - fixed point photographs were taken before improvement works were delivered, and photographs were taken again very shortly after works were been completed. As we expect an ecological lag time to detect the benefits of the improvement works delivered, these fixed point photographs will be repeated again at key sites in three years time to assess long term change.Monitoring newly planted trees and ensuring tree stakes and guards are upright and secure - newly planted trees will be monitored over the next five years by each farmer, who will report to the Catchment Partnership Officer if any have died (so that they can be replaced), or if any work is needed such as re-staking after high flow conditions. Monitoring bank stabilisation: this work will be monitored using fixed-point photographs.Monitoring water quality, before and after restoration works, and highlighting any pollution incidents - we have baseline data of macro-invertebrate monitoring to family level identification and resulting BMWP scores using standard three minute kick samples at eight sites. These samples were collected in Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015. We undertook some volunteer lead Riverfly Monitoring surveys before restoration works were delivered at two sites on Glaisdale Beck. Following the restoration works Riverfly Monitoring is being undertaken at these two sites each month from May - October 2016 and for future years as we expect an ecological lag time (around three years for invertebrates). Our Riverfly Monitoring volunteers are now also recording phosphate and nitrate levels. We also hope to develop a new monitoring site in Glaisdale Beck to assess phosphate levels.Following the commencement of the works (May 2016), an ecological lag time is expected before benefits to water quality and the riparian habitat will be evident. Our monitoring planner will enable us to record these benefits in due course.us to record these benefits in due course.)
Case study:Creamery Weir fish barrier easement + (Removal took place relatively recently, an … Removal took place relatively recently, and so monitoring has yet to be undertaken. Site visits are planned for early 2017, and in the longer term Galloway Fisheries Trust will carry out electrofishing surveys upstream of the site in order to compare the data with pre-works survey results.re the data with pre-works survey results.)
Case study:Restoration of R. Odelouca + (Research actions included in the protocol … Research actions included in the protocol were: • characterization of the presently existing composition and structure of the aquatic and riparian vegetation in the Odelouca river and assessment of its integrity and longitudinal continuity; • characterization of in stream habitats and banks; assessment of quality and degree of human disturbance; • Characterization of key animal communities of the river banks (birds) and river channel (macroinvertebrates and fish) and their relation with riparian and habitat features and human disturbance;• development of nursery practices for local woody species and best methodologies for field implanting during rehabilitation, • The study of the functional role of riparian communities in shaping and structuring in-stream habitats and driving river processes.o Application of this knowledge to the development of rehabilitation proposals for selected river stretches (next phase).• Modelling abiotic and biotic changes resulting from river rehabilitation actions. Validation of the model results through biomonitoring.The next phase of activities carried out following the work described above comprised:• Development and implementation of a proposal for a programme of requalification and rehabilitation measures for Odelouca riparian galleries and fish habitats for selected river stretches;• Monitoring of requalification and rehabilitation measures for Odelouca riparian galleries and fish habitats at sites situated along a selected reach of river.A set of monitoring sites provides data that (i) enable validation of proposals based upon modelling results and in depth data analyses and (ii) to correct deviations from the original line of desirable change.Characterisation of the Odelouca study site was carried out at a total of 30 sites in 2005 and 2006 covering almost the entire length of the river, except the final downstream tidal section (Fernandes et al., 2007; Hughes et al., 2009; Hughes, Ferreira & Cortes, 2008; Hughes et al., 2010). Sampling programmes comprised detailed phytosociological surveys, habitat quality surveys using the River Habitat Survey methodology (Raven et al., 2009) and sampling of biological quality elements comprising fauna and flora (BQE; benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, birds and macrophytes) and physicochemical parameters following WFD compliant protocols (INAG, 2008b; INAG, 2008c; INAG, 2008).The character of BQE was assessed in relation to longitudinal changes in habitat quality, including riparian quality (Fernandes et al., 2007; Hughes et al., 2009; Hughes, Ferreira & Cortes, 2008; Hughes et al., 2010). Using the KT method which divides the study area into groups of physically similar units and then assesses the extent of given pressures within each unit, habitat and riparian integrity and types of impact were quantified in the study area (Figure 4) allowing impact specific rehabilitation and mitigation measures to be drawn up (Fernandes et al., 2007; Cortes et al., 2002). The KT method can also be applied to characterise and resolve issues in the NWRM context.Macroinvertebrate communities were found to respond to key habitat elements particularly depth, flow and flow while fish species showed distinct distribution patterns in relation to large scale impacts related to changes in land use and river regulation. Bird communities associated with woods and associated features (canopy cover) predominated in the midsection but were substituted by aquatic and generalist species in the downstream reaches (Hughes et al., 2010; Hughes, Ferreira & Cortes, 2008a; Hughes et al., 2009b. Cuttings and seeds from all dominant woody species were collected and tested for survival in greenhouse conditions at ISA. Regional nursery managers have been encouraged to be actively involved in this process to debate and demonstrate greenhouse techniques for growing on local tree species.The well preserved middle course riparian communities, now cleared and submerged, were used as reference sites for the rehabilitation of the selected degraded river sections earmarked for rehabilitation. Emphasis was given to the river segment immediately upstream of the area to be inundated and to the river segment immediately downstream of the dam where minimal flow requirements for maintaining the aquatic biota are now applied. Habitat modelling (river 2D model) was be used to predict fish habitat preference changes according to suggested rehabilitation proposals (Boavida et al., 2011b). Biophysical Impacts: description of the impactBiophysical impacts along the Odelouca River were primarily linked to (i) the process of river regulation such as major earthworks, changes in flow regime and associated biophysical processes (natural patterns of erosion and deposition) and habitat destruction (e.g. clearance of riparian galleries) and (ii) changes in land use due to agricultural activities (Fernandes et al., 2007; Hughes et al., 2009; Hughes, Ferreira & Cortes, 2008; Hughes et al., 2010).The large scale pressures describe changes in land use related to agriculture (e.g. the presence of monocultures) and associated physical impacts at lower spatial scales (river reach and habitat) to bank side and channel (clearance of native riparian vegetation, reinforcement and embankment of the banks to protect against flooding and maximize space for cultivation).A subsequent programme of requalification, based mostly on natural engineering techniques, was carried out as part of an INTERREG SUDOE financed project called RICOVER (River Recovery in the SUDOE Region). A reach of over 7km in length, situated downstream of the now completed Odelouca dam, was selected and a total of 6 sites selected for intervention measures and subsequent monitoring. Three sites where no intervention measures were carried out were “set aside” as control sites for comparison with the 6 intervention sites as part of the ongoing monitoring programme.Summary of some of the natural/bio- engineering measuresThe construction works commenced in 2011 (Fig. 6, 7 and 8). Most of the natural engineering methods were used to rehabilitate highly eroded and degraded river banks as a result of human intervention (see Table 1) and are briefly summarized below:• Resectioning of river banks and placement of geotextile (in some cases pre-treated with herbicide) to prevent erosion, retain soil moisture, prevent (re)growth of weeds and invasive plants and create favourable conditions for planted native plants;• Construction of a crib wall and placement of stone filled gabions to stabilise river banks;• Planting of rehabilitated banks with native plant species, collected from cuttings and seeds in the area and grown on in local nurseries (e.g. Tamarix, Oleander, buckthorn and ash);• Construction of artificial islands in the river channel to augment habitat heterogeneity;• Clearance of invasive riparian plant species (Arundo donax and Acacia sp).~The rehabilitated sites were monitored in 2011 and 2012 as part of the RICOVER project (benthic macroinvertebrate and fish fauna; physicochemical quality) and in 2013 – 2014 as part of a contract with Águas do Algarve, SA (River Habitat Survey – to assess habitat quality, sampling of benthic macroinvertebrate and fish fauna; physicochemical quality and phytosociological surveys of the river banks). Water Framework Directive compliant protocols are followed in the field, with the exception of the phytosociological surveys.• Total cost of the initial sub programme of compensation measure (avifauna, fish fauna, riparian galleries and monitoring studies) 5,430,664 €• Project RICOVER – Rehabilitation of the riparian galleries 267,636 €.• Ecological Monitoring of the Odelouca River is carried out by UTAD under contract to Águas do Algarve, SA. and is ongoing.Results show overall ecological status as “Excellent” and “Good”, despite the fact that the Monchique site continues to be heavily organically polluted. This anomalous result may be due to the innate “hardiness” of the Mediterranean BQE, which are adapted to the extreme environmental conditions of drought and flow and therefore may be more resistant (and therefore less responsive) to some types of impact.t (and therefore less responsive) to some types of impact.)
Case study:Nobles Green Ditch River Restoration + (Research undertaken by the wildlife trusts … Research undertaken by the wildlife trusts concluded that 147 species of river invertebrates are closely associated with woody debris. These features directly provide habitat for such species. Furthermore, woody debris flow deflectors improve river morphology, creating differential areas of fast and slow flowing water. Energetic, faster flowing water improves sediment transfer, helping to keep gravels clean. It is also important for the formation of features such as riffles and pools as well as meanders. Slower flowing water provides a refuge for fish and invertebrates from high flows, and allows silt to settle out, eventually forming berms which will improve diversity of flow and plant communities.e diversity of flow and plant communities.)
Case study:Reopening of Mjølløst stream + (Results electrofishing October 2020 (befor … Results electrofishing October 2020 (before reopening of the stream):Station 1 (downstreams closure): 141 trout / 100 m2.Station 2 (upstreams closure): 1 trout / 100m2.Station 3 (200 m ustreams closuse): 57 trout / 100m2.Fish from upstream stations (2 and 3) is stationary trout introduced by local people from other locations.uced by local people from other locations.)
Case study:Pearls in Peril LIFE+ GB Project - River South Esk + (Riparian enhancement - 30,365 tress plante … Riparian enhancement - 30,365 tress planted along the riparian zone of the river.In stream restoration - The work was completed in August 2015. Monitoring work is now underway and being implemented by the Esk District Salmon Fishery Board. Following large floods in December 2015 initial observations are showing a wider channel, improved composition of river substrates, availability of new salmonid spawning habitat, channel has become more sinuous.Reduce nutrient and sediment input from diffuse pollution - 22 land managers were engaged, awareness raising workshop was held, and >20km of water margin fencing was facilitated across the target area.ncing was facilitated across the target area.)
Case study:River Colne Riparian Tree Planting + (Riparian trees provide shade, which not on … Riparian trees provide shade, which not only keeps the water cooler, but also helps control excessive weed and algal growth.Cooler water not only contains more oxygen, but many fish and invertebrates are sensitive to increasing temperature. This is likely to be exacerbated as temperatures increase due to climate change. In the future the tree roots and woody debris from fallen branches and tree trunks will provide important in-channel habitat and flow diversity, providing refuge for fish and invertebrates from both predators and high flows. Trees also help stabilise the banks, reducing erosion as well as improving infiltration and intercepting pollution and sediment. Reduced sediment transfer prevents the smothering of important gravel habitat, and can reduce pesticide and nutrient run off. Tree planting therefore not only provides important habitat but improves water quality and can reduce the need for expensive river maintenance. the need for expensive river maintenance.)
Case study:Norman Park Bromley. + (River Corridor Survey.)
Case study:R Derwent Abutment & Buttress Removal + (River morphology recovering well. No negative impacts from subsequent major flood events including 'Storm Desmond' December 2015)
Case study:Bird reserve “Los Albardales” (Madrid) + (Scientific banding for Acrocephalus paludicola, enviromental education campaigns, monitoring of passerines during winter. As a result, populations of many passerines have increased.)
Case study:Morava restoration project + (See the latest monitoring results on the projects webpage http://www.life-march.at/monitoring.html)
Case study:MisbourneRiverAction + (See: http://www.misbourneriveraction.org/node/18 , http://www.misbourneriveraction.org/node/20 , etc)

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