Case study:Pagana canal restoration project

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Location: 45° 30' 2.96" N, 12° 17' 23.89" E

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Project overview

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Status	Complete
Project web site
Themes	Flood risk management, Habitat and biodiversity, Land use management - agriculture, Spatial planning, Water quality
Country	Italy
Main contact forename	Paolo
Main contact surname	Cornelio
Main contact user ID
Contact organisation	Consorzio di Bonifica Acque Risorgive
Contact organisation web site	http://http://www.acquerisorgive.it/
Partner organisations
Parent multi-site project
This is a parent project encompassing the following projects	No

The restored portion of Pagana canal

Project summary

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The Consorzio di Bonifica Acque Risorgive (drainage authority) is located within the pumped drainage landscape of the Venice Lagoon. The Consorzio was involved in some restoration projects aimed at developing a catchment strategy to reduce nutrient loads entering the Venice Lagoon from its rivers. The bed of Pagana Canal (3.5 km) was covered with cement, and thus its contribution to the biodiversity of agricultural-forest habitats and to the reduction of N and P loads to Venice Lagoon was almost non-existent. The restoration project carried out these actions:

1. Total removal of concrete covers: concrete (240 cm wide on the bottom and 320 cm wide at the top, with 150 cm high sidebanks) was completely removed in a 1.5 km long reach.

• Partial removal of concrete covers: near buildings concrete was left in place or only partially removed, creating a flooding area and banks with reduced slope.

1. Widening and diversification of the reaches: the new section of the Pagana Canal is variable in size, with long reaches 12 m large and larger size in the central section (15-70 m). The presence of wide banks with reduced slope allowed reducing erosion and increasing the number of vegetation species in the riparian area and, more in general, a larger water-vegetation contact zone. Morphological changes in the riverbed enhanced biological complexity thus increasing the buffering actions on nutrients, which enter the food-web of the wet biotopes.
2. Creation of ponds and wetlands: ponds and wetlands of different depths were constructed at the joining with the main tributaries. The presence of wetlands along the watercourse allowed to further enhancing biodiversity with increases in water quality and the landscape and natural value of the area.

Monitoring surveys and results

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Lessons learnt

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Catchment and subcatchment

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Catchment

River basin district	Alpi Orientali
River basin	Bacino scolante della Laguna di Venezia

Subcatchment

River name	Bacino scolante della Laguna di Venezia
Area category	1000 - 10000 km²
Area (km2)	2,0382,038 km² <br />203,800 ha <br />
Maximum altitude category	100 - 200 m
Maximum altitude (m)
Dominant geology
Ecoregion	Italy and Corsica
Dominant land cover	Intensive agriculture (arable)
Waterbody ID

Other case studies in this subcatchment: Rio San Martino and Piovega di Scandolara restoration project, Rio Sant'Ambrogio restoration project, Salzano wetland and Marzenego river restoration project, Scolo Desolino restoration project, Zero river restoration project

Site

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Name	Fossa Pagana near Favaro
WFD water body codes	668_10
WFD (national) typology
WFD water body name	FOSSA PAGANA - COLLETTORE DI LEVANTE
Pre-project morphology	Artificial bed
Reference morphology
Desired post project morphology
Heavily modified water body	No
National/international site designation
Local/regional site designations
Protected species present	No
Invasive species present	No
Species of interest
Dominant hydrology	Artificially regulated
Dominant substrate	Clay
River corridor land use	Urban
Average bankfull channel width category	5 - 10 m
Average bankfull channel width (m)
Average bankfull channel depth category	0.5 - 2 m
Average bankfull channel depth (m)
Mean discharge category	0.1 - 1.0 m³/s
Mean annual discharge (m3/s)
Average channel gradient category	0.001 - 0.01
Average channel gradient
Average unit stream power (W/m2)

Project background

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Reach length directly affected (m)	3,5003,500 m <br />3.5 km <br />350,000 cm <br />
Project started	2002
Works started
Works completed
Project completed	2004/10/01
Total cost category	5000 - 10000 k€
Total cost (k€)	4,6484,648 k€ <br />4,648,000 € <br />
Benefit to cost ratio
Funding sources	Veneto Region - “Piano per la prevenzione dell’inquinamento ed il risanamento delle acque del bacino idrografico immediatamente sversante in Laguna – Piano Direttore 2000”

Cost for project phases

Phase	cost category	cost exact (k€)	Lead organisation	Contact forename	Contact surname
Investigation and design
Stakeholder engagement and communication
Works and works supervision
Post-project management and maintenance
Monitoring

Reasons for river restoration

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Mitigation of a pressure	Nutrient removal to reduce eutrophication, reduce flood risk
Hydromorphology	Create a more natural and wide channel morphology
Biology	Increase ecological status of Fish, Macrophytes, Macrozoobenthos
Physico-chemical	Reduce Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Organic pollution
Other reasons for the project	Increase fruition and biodiversity in general in a agricultural and urban contest

Measures

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Structural measures
Bank/bed modifications	removal of cement covers and bed enalrgemnent and diversification
Floodplain / River corridor
Planform / Channel pattern	Channel widening
Other	Creation of in-stream wetland and ponds
Non-structural measures
Management interventions	Adoption of new practices for acquatic vegetation management ; punping water to an adjacent newly afforested riparian buffer for nitrogen and phosphorous removal
Social measures (incl. engagement)
Other

Monitoring

Hydromorphological quality elements

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quality elements

Element	When monitored		Type of monitoring		Control site used	Result
	Before measures	After measures	Qualitative	Quantitative

Biological quality elements

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quality elements

Element	When monitored		Type of monitoring		Control site used	Result
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Physico-chemical quality elements

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quality elements

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Any other monitoring, e.g. social, economic

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Monitoring documents

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Image gallery

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Additional documents and videos

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Venice lagoon RR ecrr conference english version.pdf

Additional links and references

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Link	Description
http://www.acquerisorgive.it/page.asp?m=18	A website section dedicated to river restoration projects, studies and monitoring results by Consorzio Acque Risorgive

Supplementary Information

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