Case study:Eddleston water

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Location: 55° 40' 53.00" N, 3° 12' 6.57" W

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Project overview

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Status	In progress
Project web site	http://www.therrc.co.uk/sites/default/files/projects/9_eddleston.pdf
Themes	Flood risk management, Habitat and biodiversity, Hydromorphology, Land use management - agriculture, Monitoring, Social benefits, Water quality
Country	Scotland
Main contact forename	Luke
Main contact surname	Comins
Main contact user ID
Contact organisation	Tweed Forum
Contact organisation web site	http://www.tweedforum.org/
Partner organisations
Parent multi-site project
This is a parent project encompassing the following projects	No

Eddleston Water catchment restoration, photograph source: Tweed Forum

Project summary

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This is a summary of a partnership project led by Tweed Forum which aims to restore the Eddleston Water for the benefit of the local community and wildlife. A series of practical works are now taking place throughout the catchment as part of an overall plan to restore the river and valley, the effects of which are being closely monitored.

The Eddleston Water is a small tributary of the River Tweed, flowing 20 km north to south before reaching the main river in the town of Peebles. Over time, the course of the river has been extensively altered and long sections were straightened in the early 19th century. Other changes in land management, both in the river valley and on the surrounding hill slopes, have also altered how the land drains. Together, these changes have resulted in an increased risk of flooding to Eddleston and Peebles, as rainfall and flood waters travel ever more quickly and directly from the hill slopes and along the river channels towards these communities. At the same time, these changes have also damaged the river environment itself, leading to the loss of over a quarter of the river’s original length, and habitat loss for plants and animals, including salmon and trout, as well as rare and protected species such as otters and lampreys.

Project aims: The three main aims are to: • investigate the possibility of reducing the risk of flooding to the communities of Eddleston and Peebles by restoring some of the original natural features of the catchment • improve the river habitat for wildlife and fisheries; • work with landowners and communities in the Eddleston valley to maximise the benefits they would gain from such work, while maintaining the profitability of local farms.

Who is involved? The project is a partnership initiative led by the Tweed Forum, with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), the Scottish Government and University of Dundee. Other key partners include British Geological Survey, Scottish Borders Council, Scottish Natural Heritage, the Forestry Commission, National Farmers Union (Scotland) the Tweed Foundation, Forest carbon and the Woodland Trust. The Forum works closely with landowners and the local community so that everyone can contribute ideas and follow the project’s progress.

Project results so far: A restoration strategy has been developed which will both restore natural habitats and help reduce the risk of flooding to Eddleston and Peebles. It focuses on three main areas of the catchment including the upper valley and hill slopes (which are the main sources of flood water running off in to the river); the valley bottom or floodplain; and the channels and habitats of the river itself.

Working with land managers we have been able to introduce subtle changes to current land management practices in order to slow water flow off the hills in the first place, and reconnect the river with its floodplain. So far we have: - Fenced off and planted 35ha of woodland (over 50,000 trees) , largely on less productive farmland in the headwaters which help slow down overland flow. - Installed a series of ‘high-flow restrictors’, which act to temporarily hold back flood waters. - Restored the natural meandering form of the river at Cringletie and Lake Wood. This has increased river length, reduced the slope and speed of the water flow and provided more space for flood waters, as well as creating new habitats and improving the landscape.

We have a number of similar schemes in the pipeline that will be rolled out in the next few years.

Monitoring the effects of these measures is an important part of this project. A network of rain gauges, groundwater and river level gauges have been installed throughout the valley to collect data on how the changes affect river flows and flood frequencies. Other monitoring programmes will reveal what changes occur to the river’s habitats and wildlife. Detailed monitoring and modelling of the groundwater has also been undertaken at a site close to Eddleston village.

Spreading the word about River Restoration and Natural Flood Management. The project will continue to work with local schools and other educational institutes by hosting field trips and study tours to show what can be achieved on the ground to reduce the effects of flooding.

Full details of the project are available at http://www.tweedforum.org/projects/current-projects/Eddleston The project wishes to thank the farmers and landowners in the Eddleston Water catchment for their help and enthusiasm in taking this initiative forward.

We would welcome your comments and ideas.

Please contact:

• Luke Comins – Tweed Forum, South Court, Drygrange Steading, Melrose, Roxburghshire, TD6 9DJ (Tel: 01896 849723)

• Professor Chris Spray – UNESCO Centre for Water, Law, Policy and Science, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN (Tel; 01382 388362)

The Eddleston Water project in the Scottish Borders north of Peebles has been running for 7 years. Its aim is to test the effectiveness of various Natural Flood Management (NFM) measures in a heavily altered upland catchment of 70km2. The project also examines how to improve river ecology, including the Water Framework Directive classification as the main river was extensively straightened in the late 1700s, alongside maintaining sustainable farming within the catchment. To date, 3 sections of river with a total length of 2,000m have been remeandered, with the latest completed in autumn 2016. A total of 80 flow restricting log jams have been installed in strategic locations in the upper catchment and 66ha of native riparian woodland has been planted, along with 20 stormwater ponds. Further planting, flow restrictors and ponds are under negotiation. The catchment is undergoing intense hydrological (including groundwater) and ecological monitoring to quantify the effects of these various measures. The project has recently been awarded funding through the European Union’s Interreg North Sea Region international project, Building with Nature, which will enhance the monitoring effort considerably. The essence of the project is gathering reliable and convincing data from a detailed monitoring network to provide evidence of the effectiveness of NFM and habitat restoration measures. Modelling supports this observational approach. Since works began the watercourse has been upgraded from 'bad' status under the Water Framework Directive to 'moderate'. This has been achieved largely by targeting degraded reaches to improve their hydromorphology including remeandering, channel improvements, weir removal and bankside planting. The measures have yet to be tested in a really significant flood event, but the following have been demonstrated: Established broadleaf woodlands on hillslopes provide areas of increased capacity for rainfall infiltration and arrest run-off generation during flood-producing storm events; There is no evidence from this study that coniferous plantations or new broadleaf plantations offer the same increase in soil permeability and therefore run-off attenuation. Further targeted studies would be required to provide further evidence to back up these statements. Cost–benefit analyses show positive ratios for NFM planting and improved ecosystem services. The role of a trusted intermediary is essential in working with land managers and integrating NFM measures into a working landscape.

Monitoring surveys and results

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Lessons learnt

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Image gallery

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New gravel side bar. Photo: Ulrika Åberg, RRC

Fallen tree creating flow and habitat diversity. Photo: Ulrika Åberg, RRC

Re-meandered section. Photo: Ulrika Åberg, RRC

Back-water feature. Photo: Ulrika Åberg, RRC

Planting of the catchment. Photo: Ulrika Åberg, RRC

Catchment and subcatchment Select a catchment/subcatchment Edit the catchment and subcatchment details (affects all case studies in this subcatchment) Catchment River basin district Solway Tweed River basin Solway Tweed Subcatchment River name Eddleston water Area category Area (km2) 6969 km² <br />6,900 ha <br /> Maximum altitude category 200 - 500 m Maximum altitude (m) Dominant geology Ecoregion Great Britain Dominant land cover Grassland, Woodland Waterbody ID Other case studies in this subcatchment: Tweed Catchment Management Plan Site Edit site Name Eddleston water WFD water body codes WFD (national) typology WFD water body name Pre-project morphology Straightened, Embanked Reference morphology Sinuous Desired post project morphology Heavily modified water body No National/international site designation Local/regional site designations WFD status "poor" Protected species present No Invasive species present No Species of interest Dominant hydrology Quick run-off Dominant substrate River corridor land use Improved/semi-improved grassland/pasture Average bankfull channel width category Average bankfull channel width (m) Average bankfull channel depth category Average bankfull channel depth (m) Mean discharge category Mean annual discharge (m3/s) Average channel gradient category Average channel gradient Average unit stream power (W/m2) Project background Edit project background Reach length directly affected (m) Project started 2009 Works started Works completed Project completed 2013/05/01 Total cost category Total cost (k€) £1.4m"£" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property. Benefit to cost ratio Funding sources Scottish Government, Building with Nature (Interreg), Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Borders Council, SNIFFER, Forestry Commission Scotland, Environment Agency, Dundee University, Woodland Trust, Cheviot Futures 2, Scottish Power, CEMEX, Scottish Rural Development Programme, Forest Carbon, Landowner Cost for project phases Phase cost category cost exact (k€) Lead organisation Contact forename Contact surname Investigation and design 50 - 100 k€ SEPA River Restoration Fund Stakeholder engagement and communication Works and works supervision Post-project management and maintenance Monitoring Supplementary funding information Funded by the SEPA River Restoration Fund Scottish Government awarded funding over three financial years 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Reasons for river restoration Edit reasons for restoration Mitigation of a pressure Flood risk management Hydromorphology Channel pattern/planform, Quantity & dynamics of flow Biology Physico-chemical Other reasons for the project Measures Edit Measures Structural measures Bank/bed modifications Introducing large woody debris, Embankment renaturalization Floodplain / River corridor Connection to wider floodplain, Floodplain creation Planform / Channel pattern Meandering channel Other Non-structural measures Management interventions Social measures (incl. engagement) Other Monitoring Hydromorphological quality elements Edit Hydromorphological quality elements Element When monitored Type of monitoring Control site used Result Before measures After measures Qualitative Quantitative Biological quality elements Edit biological quality elements Element When monitored Type of monitoring Control site used Result Before measures After measures Qualitative Quantitative Physico-chemical quality elements Edit Physico-chemical quality elements Element When monitored Type of monitoring Control site used Result Before measures After measures Qualitative Quantitative Any other monitoring, e.g. social, economic Edit Other responses Element When monitored Type of monitoring Control site used Result Before measures After measures Qualitative Quantitative Monitoring documents Upload monitoring documents Additional documents and videos Upload additional documents Project information leaflet Additional links and references Edit links and references Link Description http://www.tweedforum.org/projects/current-projects/eddleston leaflet.pdf The Eddleston Water project: Restoring natural habitat and reducing flood risk http://www.tweedforum.org/projects/current-projects/Poster Katya Perez Chris Spray.pdf Assessment of stream course restoration and potential land use modification on flood risk reduction and other ecosystem services Supplementary Information Edit Supplementary Information